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| Louis IV | |
|---|---|
| Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine | |
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| Ludwig IV, 1878 | |
| Reign | 13 June, 1877 – 13 March, 1892 |
| Full name | Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig Karl |
| Titles | HRH The Grand Duke of Hesse HRH Prince Ludwig of Hesse HGDH Prince Ludwig of Hesse |
| Born | 12 September 1837 |
| Darmstadt, Germany | |
| Died | 13 March 1892 (aged 54) |
| Buried | Rosenhöhe |
| Predecessor | Louis III |
| Successor | Ernest Louis |
| Consort | Alice of the United Kingdom Alexandrina Hutten-Czapska (annulled) |
| Issue | Princess Victoria Princess Elisabeth Princess Irene Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse Prince Friedrich Princess Alix Princess Marie |
| Royal House | House of Hesse |
| Father | Charles of Hesse-Darmstadt |
| Mother | Elizabeth of Prussia |
Louis IV (Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig Karl) (12 September 1837 - 13 March 1892), was the fourth Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine, reigning from 13 June 1877 until his death. Through his own and his children\'s marriages he was connected to the British Royal Family, to the Imperial house of Russia and other royal houses of Europe.
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Louis was born at Darmstadt, Germany as the son of Prince Karl of Hesse and by Rhine (23 April 1809-20 March 1877) and Princess Elizabeth of Prussia (18 June 1815-21 March 1885), granddaughter of King Frederick William II of Prussia.
On 1 July 1862, Louis married Princess Alice, the third child of Queen Victoria of Great Britain at Osborne House on the Isle of Wight. On the day of the wedding, the Queen issued Letters Patent granting her new son-in-law the style of Royal Highness. This style was only in effect in Great Britain, not the German confederation where Prince Ludwig was only a Grand Ducal Highness. The Queen subsequently created him a Knight of the Garter.
During the Austro-Prussian War of 1866, Louis commanded the Hessian cavalry in support of the Austrian side. In the 1870-71 Franco-Prussian War, Louis led the Hessian contingent of the armies of the North German Confederation.
On 13 June 1877, he succeeded his uncle as Grand Duke of Hesse taking the name Ludwig IV.
Following the death of Princess Alice in 1878, Ludwig IV contracted a morganatic marriage on 30 April 1884 with Alexandrina Hutten-Czapska (3 September 1854-8 May 1941), the former wife of Alexander Kolémine, the Russian chargé d\'affaires in Darmstadt. His second wife received the title Countess von Romrod. The marriage, which caused great concern within his family, was annulled within a year.
| Styles of Ludwig IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by the Rhine |
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| Reference style | His Royal Highness |
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| Spoken style | Your Royal Highness |
| Alternative style | Sir |
Grand Duke Ludwig IV died on 13 March 1892 and was succeeded by his son, Ernest Louis. His remains are buried at Rosenhöhe, the mausoleum for the Grand Ducal House of Hesse outside of Darmstadt.
| Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse Born: September 12 1837 Died: March 13 1892 | ||
| Regnal titles | ||
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| Preceded by Louis III | Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine 1877-1892 | Succeeded by Ernest Louis |
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from Wikipedia
