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| “ | I consider America responsible for the shame of our age: the glorification of work, that stupid ideology which has engendered the idea of material progress and the disdain of every utopia or poetry tending toward the perfection of the human soul... I cannot help opposing those influences... with the most violent lunge forward, the idea, and the most creative of actions, idleness. | ” |
| —Tristan Tzara | ||
Tristan Tzara (Sami Rosenstock a.k.a. Samuel Rosenstock) (April 16, 1896 – December 25, 1963) was a Romanian poet and essayist. He was one of the founders of the Dada movement, known best for his manifestos. He was a collaborator with Marcel Janco. It is speculated that the word "Dada" comes from the Romanian "Yes, yes" and is thus originated from Tzara and Janco\'s contributions. It is more commonly believed Tzara picked a random word out of a French dictionary and got "Dada", a child\'s word for a hobby horse.
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Tzara was born in Moineşti, Bacău Province, Romania to a family of Jewish Romanians. Tzara wrote the first Dada texts, La Première Aventure céleste de Monsieur Antipyrine (The First Heavenly Adventure of Mr. Antipyrine) (1916), Vingt-cinq poèmes (Twenty-Five Poems) (1918) [1], and the movement\'s manifestos, Sept manifestes Dada (Seven Dada Manifestos) (1924).
In Paris he engaged in tumultuous activities with Surrealists André Breton, Philippe Soupault, and Louis Aragon with the intention to shock the public and to disintegrate the structures of language.
In 1925, Tzara married Swedish painter Greta Knutson (born 1899) in Stockholm. Their son Christophe was born in 1927. They divorced in 1942.
In late 1929, weary of nihilism and destruction, he joined his friends in the activities of Surrealism. He devoted much of his time to the reconciliation of Surrealism and Marxism and joined the French Communist Party in 1937. He was active in the French Resistance movement during World War II. He left the Communist Party in 1956, in protest against the Soviet quelling of the Hungarian Revolution.
His political commitments brought him closer to his fellow human beings, and he gradually became a lyrical poet. His poems revealed the anguish of his soul, caught between revolt and wonderment at the daily tragedy of the human condition. His later works started with L\'Homme approximatif (The Approximate Man) (1931), and continued with Parler seul (Speaking Alone) (1950), and La Face intérieure (The Inner Face) (1953). In these, the scrambled words of Dada were replaced with a difficult but humanized language. He died in Paris and was interred there in the Cimetière du Montparnasse.
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Tristan Tzara (original works in Romanian)
A French-language interview with Tzara recorded in 1959 can be heard on the audio CD Futurism & Dada Reviewed and a 1948 reading by Tzara of his poem Pour compte on the audio CD Voices of Dada.
Pour compte, as well as L\'amiral cherche une maison à louer and Dada into Surrealism can also be found online at Ubu Web.
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